Abbottabad
Abbottabad /əˈbɒtəbɑːd/ (Urdu, Hindko: ایبٹ آباد Ābṭ ābād [aːbʈaːˈbaːd̪]) is a tourist city located in the Hazara region of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in Pakistan. The city is situated in the Orash Valley, 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of the capitalIslamabad, 130 kilometres (81 mi) from Rawalpindi and 150 kilometres (93 mi) Northeast of Peshawar at an altitude of 1,260 metres (4,134 ft) and is the capital of theAbbottabad District. The city is well known throughout Pakistan for its pleasant weather, high-standard educational institutions and military establishments. It remains a popular hill station attracting hundreds of thousands of tourists every year.
History
The town of Abbottabad, under theBritish Raj, was the headquarters of the Hazara District during British rule of India. It was named after Major James Abbott who founded the town and district in January 1853 after the annexation of Punjab. He remained the first Deputy Commissioner of the Hazara district from 1849 until April 1853. Major Abbott is noted for having written a poem titled "Abbottabad", before he went back to Britain, in which he wrote of his fondness for the town and his sadness at having to leave it. In the early 20th century, Abbottabad became an important military cantonment and sanatorium, serving as the headquarters of a brigade in the Second Division of the Northern Army Corps. The garrison consisted of four battalions of native infantry, of the Frontier Force (including the 5th Gurkha Rifles) and two native mountain batteries.
In 1901, the population of the town and cantonment was 7,764 and the income averaged around Rs. 14,900. This increased to Rs. 22,300 in 1903, chiefly derived from octroi. During this time chief public institutions were built such as the Albert Victor unaided Anglo-Vernacular High School, the Municipal Anglo-Vernacular High School and the Government dispensary. In 1911, the population had risen to 11,506 and the town also contained four battalions of Gurkhas. In June 1948, the British Red Cross opened a hospital in Abbottabad to deal with thousands of patients who were being brought in from the Kashmir fighting areas.
In October 2005 Abbottabad was devastated by the Kashmir earthquake. Although most of Abbottabad survived, many older buildings were destroyed or severely damaged. On 25 January 2011, Indonesian JI terrorist Umar Patek who was wanted in 2002 Bali bombingsas well as a series of 2000 church bombings was arrested in Abbottabad.
In May 2011, Abbottabad gained worldwide attention when U.S. President Barack Obama announced that Osama bin Laden had been killed in his compound in the city. In February 2012, nine months after bin Laden was killed, Pakistani authorities demolished the compound where Osama bin Laden had lived for years.
Language
Hindko/Chhhachi, Pahari, Potohari, Majhi, Gojri dialects of Punjabi Language and Urdu are the predominant languages of the district. According to the 1998 Census of the 881,000 who resided in the Abbottabad District, Hindko was spoken by 94.26% of the population, followed by Majhi at 2.30%, Pashto at 2.22% and Urdu at 1.05%.Urdu is understood and spoken fluently by majority of the residents and used in markets, offices and formal functions as the official language. English is widely used in business and education.
Government
Abbottabad is the headquarters of Hazara Division and Abbottabad District. The District Nazim, Commissioner, Deputy Inspector General of police and Forest Conservator, all reside in Abbottabad. The city is divided into localities, towns, colonies and neighbourhoods. In addition to the civil administration, the town is also the regimental headquarters for theFrontier Force Regiment, the Baloch Regiment and Pakistan Army Medical Corps and Kakul Military Academy is also located in Abbottabad.
Economy
Abbottabad's economy is largely based on tourism. It is known for its shady gardens, church bells and wide streets in the Cantonment evoke the colonial era.
Tourism
Abbottabad has been attracting tourists to the city since the colonial era, as it is a major transit point to all major tourist regions of Pakistan such as Nathiagali, Ayubia and Naran. According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, "the town is picturesquely situated at the southern corner of the Rash (Orash) plain, 4,120 feet (1,260 m) above the sea".
Like much of the mountainous Northern Areas, tourism is one of the important sources of income in Abbottabad. In the summer when temperatures rise to around 45 degrees Celsius in Punjab andKhyber Pakhtunkhwa, a large number of tourists travel to Abbottabad. The Karakoram Highway, which traces one of the paths of the ancient Silk Road, starts from Hasan Abdalon the N5 and heads north passing through the city, eventually reaching Khunjerab Pass. The Karakorum Highway is a major attraction itself for its views. The Karakoram, Himalayasand the Hindu Kush ranges can be approached from Abbottabad and it continues to be a transit city for tourists, serving as a base for visiting numerous nearby places, such asHunza, Gilgit, Skardu and Indus Kohistan, of the Karakoram Range.
Abbottabad is popular not just with visitors but with those looking to relocate. Its weather, peaceful reputation and the perceived security of a garrison have drawn many from other cities to work or educate their children. There was an influx of migrants from Azad Kashmirafter the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake, another from the Swat District during military operations against militants in 2009 and 2010, and also from Waziristan after the army launched major operations against the Taliban in 2009. There is a under construction £19m amusement park in the city located on a 50-acre site is includes a zoo, adventure sports facilities, restaurants and artificial waterfalls.
Some popular tourist destinations in and around Abbottabad include:
Education
Abbottabad has one of the country's highest literacy rates with 67% in 2007, ranking first inKhyber Pakhtunkhwa and ninth overall in Pakistan. The city also has a young demographic (ages 15–30) due to a large number of students who have come from across the country to study in its schools, for example PIPS, Army Burn Hall College and Abbottabad Public School. The city has a wide variety of post-secondary institutions, such as Ayub Medical College, COMSATS University of Science and Technology, and the University of Engineering & Technology.
Abbottabad is also home to the Pakistan Military Academy, a four-year coeducationalfederal service military academy that provides training to the officers of the Pakistan Army. The academy has three training battalions, and 12 companies. Another 2,000 guests each year, from over 34 countries, receive some training at PMA.National Institute of Tourism Hospitality & Hotel Management Sciences
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