Bahawalnagar
Bahawalnagar (Punjabi,Urdu: بہاولنگر), is the capital city of Bahawalnagar District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. As well as being district capital it has the administrative headquarters of the tehsil.History
Bahawalnagar District, situated in East Punjab, was agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled in Punjab region. The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas and Kurus invaded, settled and ruled ancient Punjab region. After overunning the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander marched into present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Bahawalnagar was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms.In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.
After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh invaded and occupied Bahawalnagar District. The Muslims faced severe restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the period of British rule, Bahawalnagar increased in population and importance.
The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslims refugees from India settled down in the Bahawalnagar District.
Languages
As per national census of 1998 Punjabi is the main language of Bahawalnagar district spoken by 1.3 Million people which accounts for 95% of total population of 1.37 Million. Saraiki is spoken by only 42 Thousand people (3%) of the district population. Urdu, the national language, is spoken widely while English spoken by educated elite. One of notable cast is ‘Muslah’ in Tehsil Minchinabad and Bahawalnagar. Originally they are rajput of river satluj. Sikh called to them muslah due to difference of Hindu and Muslim Rajputs. They came to the State Bahawalpur from Qabola after destruction by the Sikh raja of qabola, they worked for Anjuman Tulba Islam.Administration
Bahawalnagar is the administrative centre of Bahawalnagar District, one of the five tehsils or subdivisions of the district, the tehsil is subdivided into 31 Union Councils. The Bahawal Nagar is the district headquarter of tehsils Haroonabad, Chistian, Fortabbass and Minchanabad. t is one of the largest districts of Panjab with respect to its area. The largest union council of Bahawal Nagar is U.C 6.Climate
Bahawalnagar has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with hot summers and mild winters. Precipitation mostly falls in the monsoon season from June to August, although some rain also falls from February to April.Climate data for Bahawalnagar | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) | 35.6 (96.1) | 39.4 (102.9) | 45.6 (114.1) | 48.0 (118.4) | 50.1 (122.2) | 46.0 (114.8) | 42.4 (108.3) | 42.0 (107.6) | 40.0 (104) | 37.0 (98.6) | 29.6 (85.3) | 50.1 (122.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) | 22.76 (72.97) | 28.3 (82.9) | 35.9 (96.6) | 40.8 (105.4) | 42.0 (107.6) | 38.3 (100.9) | 37.4 (99.3) | 36.5 (97.7) | 34.2 (93.6) | 28.6 (83.5) | 22.5 (72.5) | 32.322 (90.173) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) | 15.7 (60.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 28.0 (82.4) | 32.8 (91) | 35.1 (95.2) | 33.1 (91.6) | 32.4 (90.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 26.4 (79.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 15.0 (59) | 25.33 (77.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) | 8.4 (47.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 20.0 (68) | 24.7 (76.5) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.8 (82) | 27.4 (81.3) | 24.7 (76.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 12.6 (54.7) | 7.6 (45.7) | 18.3 (64.94) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32) | −1.0 (30.2) | 3.9 (39) | 12.6 (54.7) | 14.4 (57.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 16.1 (61) | 21.4 (70.5) | 13.1 (55.6) | 11.0 (51.8) | 4.0 (39.2) | 1.7 (35.1) | −1 (30.2) |
| Precipitationmm (inches) | 4.5 (0.177) | 16.5 (0.65) | 15.2 (0.598) | 10.2 (0.402) | 4.8 (0.189) | 15.3 (0.602) | 77.2 (3.039) | 39.9 (1.571) | 9.5 (0.374) | 1.0 (0.039) | 4.3 (0.169) | 5.0 (0.197) | 203.4 (8.007) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 222.4 | 218.9 | 250.8 | 274.3 | 269.1 | 213.9 | 218.3 | 256.6 | 279.3 | 284.0 | 260.8 | 223.5 | 2,971.9 |
| Source: NOAA (1971–1990) | |||||||||||||
Unrest
As of June 2012 Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots would take place across Punjab. According to protesters and community leaders load shedding was depriving communities of electricity 20–22 hours a day, causing businesses to go bust and making living extremely hard. On Sunday 17 June 2012 as many as 10 demonstrations took place across Bahawalnagar, in addition to those in other Punjabi cities, against those seen as responsible for the problems. Police had to take control of the situation on Eidgah Road where rioters attempted to storm the house of parliamentarian Syed Mumtaz Alam Gillani.
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